Internal combustion engine



1941- R. HASENZAHL I INTERNAL COMBUS'IION ENGINE Filed Feb. 4, 1939 2 She8ts-Sh96t 1 Invenzor: /iuaozr //ASENZAHL I y m-ramey Oct. 14, 1941. R. HASENZAHL INTERNL COMBUS'I'ION ENGINE Filed Feb. 4, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patenfed Oct. 14, 1941 x.

mrr:mmr. comnusrro'n wenn:

Rudolf Hasenzahl, Dessau, Germany, assignor to Gotthard Sachsenberg Zentralgesellschaft mit beschrnkter Haftung, Berlin, Germany, a

German society Application February 4, 1939, Serlal N0. 254,577

Germany February 5, 1938 3 Claims. (GI. 123-44) This inventlon relates to an exploslon or internal -combustion engine havin'g a plurality 01 rotating or statlonary cylinders arranged in star shape and eontrolled by an annular sllde valve provided with suita.ble suctlon and exhaust ports. In engines-o! the type reterred to, the sald ;cyllnders and the said annu!ar s1lde valves have perlodically communic.ted to. them a relative motion in such a manner that the openings in the sllde valve and the corresponding openlngs in the cylinders register at tlmes correspondlng to the strbkes or cycles. Thus, at the suctlon stroke and exhaust stroke one opening respectlve1y o! the annular sllde va1ve reglsters with an openlng in one 01 vthe cyllnders cprrespond- Ing to the stroke, whlle durlng the compresslon stroke and the combustlon the openlns in the cylinders are covered by the full portlons of the sllde valve.

Combustion engines of the said type are de scribed and l'llustrated, for example, in Unlted States Letters Patent 1915,582 and.it is polnted out in said patent that the packing betweer'x the annular sllgie va1ve and the cy1inders must be= as perfect as possible. The present invention has particular reference to the portions o! the englne Where said packing problem arlses.

In the known englnes wlth annular slide valve the packing ls efl'ected by cylindrical slide bodles whlch are guided on th e lauer faces cf coutracted neck portions or combustion chambers at the cyllnder heads and with thelr unter end faces engage the seat surface o1. the said annular the gas pressure or other suitable forces.

It is one cf the objects 01 the lnvention to provide a deslgn and construction of the neck portlons and packlng members 01 the cylinders which while' ensurlng a reliable packlng 'action provide more Iavourable thermodynamlc conditions in the combustion chambers of the cyllnders and a more favourable shape 01 the same.

Another ob;lect o! the invention ls 110 enhan ce the life of the slide bodles er packing members. With these and other objects in vlew, as may become apparent from the within dlsclosures the lnvention conslsts not only o! the structures herein pointed' out and lllustrated but lncludes l'urther structures comlng within the scope of what hereinafter ma'y be claimed.

'IThe character o! the invention. however. may be best understood by reterence to eertain of lts structural torms, as illustrated by the accompanying drawlngs in whlch Flg. 1 ls a 1'rag'rhentary axial sectlon through a cylinder and c0operatlng annular sllde valve 015 an Interna] combustlon engine having the 1nventlon applled thereto.

Fix. 2 is a modlflcation of Flg. 1.

Figs. 3 to 5 are simiiar vlews, showing further modified embodiments o! the invention.

Flg. 6 is a dlagrammatical front elevation partor seat of an annular sllde valve l whlch is carneu by a plurality 01 arms 5 and 6 arranged in star shape a1; both sides of the rim or rlng l, wlth the center axis of the star or stars colnciding wlth the center axis about which the cylinders l which are also arranged star-fashion, rotate or are stationarily positioned, respectlvely. 'Ihe general arrangement of the c:71inders and annular sllde va1ve is shown in Fig. 6. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, a Dacking member 1 is providtad whlch 15 gulded an an outer cylindrlcal surface cf the combustion chamber and leaves the interior space within the contracted neck portion or combustlon chamber 3 entlrely unaffected. In other words the' arrangement is such that the lnner cyllndrlcal surface of sa1d neck portiox'1is Ireely exposed to the action 013 the combustlon gases without parts or portions of the packing means coverlng said surtac'es o1.

substantlal partsthereof. Packing rings 8 of the kind used as nisten rings are rkaceived in annular grooves o! the exterior cylindrlcal surface of the neck Portion 3 1:0 ensure smooth s1iding and good packlm'; action of the member l on the neek portlon 01 the cylinder. 'I'he member l is moreover formed with an lnner flange portion the end Iace 9 o1. whlch is curved to engage tlghtly the circular seat face III within the slide valve ring l, under aetion ot the centrltugal force and/er 013 the gas pressure and/or cf springs (not shown) Generally, springs will not be required unless the tlon ls established between the cyl1nder I and the ports in the valve rlng 4 by the member l, while the inner cyllndrical walls 01 the combustion chamber 3 are entlrely free from any portlons of the packing memb'er l. It has been found that;

this construction is very much superlor, froma thermodynamie standpoint, to the known coustructlon wlth packing members having portlons extending- 1nto the combustion chamber. Due

the tact that the inner wa1ls cf the combustion chamber are not covered by parts or portlons ot the packing member, a very favourable shape of the same is obtained an the heat can be more efllciently transmitted from the wa11s of the combustion chamber to the outside, for example, through the cooling ribs of the cylinders. Moraover, the 1i1'e and packing effect cf the pack1ng member is greatly enhanced due to the fact that the Same is not exposed to the direct action of the haat; in the combustion chamber. The fundamental difference compared to one known' construction in which the packing member embraces or engages both the inner and outer face of the neck portion of the cylinder resides in the fact that in the said known constructlon while outer packing portions are provided, there arestill portions of the packing means located in the combustion chamber 'within the neck portion of the cylinder and guided ab the inner W811 thereof so that the combustion chamb'er is not unaflected by porizions of the pa'cking member and therefore, the above mentioned drawbacks caused thereby are produced in this case as we1l..

Due to'the'special arrangement of my nove1 packing member it is pbssible to provide additlonally'coolihg ribs atthe packing members. Moreove1, the end face 9 of the packing member I maly be sphercially shabed, and the va1ve ring 4 may be formed hol1ow as shown, and provided with a separate member secured to the va1ve ring dove tail fashion for forming the spherical surfade I0; which the packing member will tightly surface 9 may be made relative1y narrow, with an inner diameter which is 1arger than the inner diameter o1 the portion 3, and continued by an inneiflange portion which is formed with one or more axially projecting and recessed rings or combs, as indicated at I2 in Fig. 1, 1:0 fo1rm a klnd of a labyrinth packing system and to cause a 5 thrcfttllng efiect for the compressed gas tending toscape between the packing faces 9 and I0.

Du6 120 the smaller width of the packing face I 'thus obtained the said rising of the sphere portion is also reducd sind the clearance may be 'smaller. 'I'his structure offers the additional advantage 015 protecting the inner edge of the flange 'surface 9 from the direct attack of the combustion gases.

A further throttling efiect and protection of the inner edge of the annular face 9 may be 0btalned, as shown in Fig. 2, by forming the neck -portion 3 with a projection extending nearly to the packing sprfae I0, with a very sma1l gap guided on an inner cy11ndrieal face of the packing member I wh1le in Fig. 5 a similar fing I3" 1s slidably guided on an outer cylindrlcal fiace 02 the neck portion 3. II: will be c1ear tha.t rin8s 01 the type shown ab I3. I3 and I3". respectively, form a bar for the gas tendlng to escape and throttle down the pressure 01 the gas beton: lt reaches the packing rings while simultaneously protecting the inner edge 01 the flange face 01 member l.

II: will be notic ed that in consequence of the improved heat transmission from the combustiou chamber obtained by my novel construction the output of the engine can be increased am! the durability of the packing member which in th1s case is not exposed to the direct heating act1on ofthe combustion gases can be increased.

Also, the packing member 15 not distort ed by such excessive heating action and the packlng rings cannot get stuck by deposits 01? carbqnor thermal expansions and, therefore, a more reliable packing efi'ect is obtained.

Furthermore, the combus tion chamber within the neck portion is not; afiected o1 deformediby parts or portions of the packing memberand thexefore, it can be madeto have a simple, smooth and favourable shape.

' I am aware that many further changes may be made and numerous details of constructlon'may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I, therefore, do not purpose limlting the patent granted hereon otherwise than is necessitated by the prior art.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion enginehaving cylinders arranged in star shape, aport in" the head of each of the cyli nders arranged in a. reduced neck portion thereof, an annula1" slide v a1ve having ports therein for controlling the1ntake and exhaust of said cylinders', papking means including exterior cooling ribs and a.ii inwardly'turned flange with an annular surface adapted to engage the seat surface of said'sllde 'valve, said packing means be1ng slidablydls- 'said neck portion belng Ireely"expqsed to the actl0n of the combustion gzises wlthout 'parts 'or therebetween. In this case, the inner diameter of the packlng member I at the innermost point otengagement with the packing face III 1s substantially 1arger than the inner diameter o1 the neck portion 3.

'and the end 'Iace of the neck portion 3, as indicated at I3 in Fig. 3. Preferred consbructions of=7o riorly of said flange and movable independently thereof, said auxiliary member havlng a freut face adaptzjed t o engage the same valve member as said fiange, so as to protect' the inner edge of said annular sufl{ace of sald flanse against the action of streamlng 'combustion gases.

3. A packing device as claimed in claim 2, in which said auxiliary ring includes a rearward cylindric p-0jection, said projection belng gulded within said cylindrlc bods'.

RDOLF nasarrzma.n 

